The placenta

Functions and Roles Of The Placenta

For nine months the placenta feeds and nourishes the fetus while also disposing of toxic waste. Without it the baby could not survive. After your baby is born, the placenta no longer serves a function.

Among organs, it is unique. It is the only organ in the human body that serves a vital function and then becomes obsolete.

What does the Placenta do?

The placenta’s primary role is to ensure that oxygen is moved into your baby’s blood stream and carbon dioxide is carried away from your baby – however the waste is not limited to oxygen and also includes cleaning out other waste which is produced by your baby. In the same way that it ensures oxygen reaches your baby, it also plays a role in ensuring that some nutrients are received.

The placenta is an extremely complex piece of biological equipment. It is a little bit like an artificial kidney, it allows your blood and the baby's to come into very close contact - but without ever mixing. This enables your blood to pass across nutrients and oxygen to the baby, and waste products like carbon dioxide to go back from baby to mother. It acts as the lung, kidney and digestive system for the baby.

The placenta also plays an important role in hormone production. Human chronic gonadotropin, or hCG is produced by the placenta. This hormone can be found in your baby’s blood stream as early as 10 days into your pregnancy. This is of course not the only hormone which the placenta produces as it is also responsible for the production of estrogen and progesterone .

The placenta also performs the important function of protecting your baby for possible infection – however, it is not always able to distinguish between what is a good substance and what isn’t – and this is why pregnant women are asked to avoid substances which may cause harm, such as caffeine, alcohol, herbal substances and drugs. Read our article on what to avoid when pregnant for more.

How big does the Placenta get?

During the course of your pregnancy we follow the growth and development of your baby closely, but we never look at how the placenta is growing.

By week 10 of your pregnancy the placenta would already weigh in at ¾ ounce (20g) and by week 20 it will already be weighing in at 6 ounces (170g). At 30 weeks it's weighing 15 ounces (430g) and by the time your pregnancy is full term the placenta would weigh 1.5 pounds (650g)!

The Placenta, Possible Complications

Unfortunately as important as the placenta is, it is also possible of causing complications, and the two most common complications are placenta previa and placenta abruption.

caeserean section (medical video)

Ferning and spinnbarkeit tests for ovulation

The cervical glands proliferate under the influence of oestrogen secreted during the follicular stage of the ovarian cycle . The glands become longer as the follicular cycle progresses. The glandular epithelial cells become larger and start to secrete a mucus that is initially thick and viscous.

Under the influence of estrogen, and as the time of ovulation approaches, the quality of the cervical mucus begins to change. From about the 10th day of the cycle till ovulation on the 14th - 16th day, the mucus becomes profuse, more watery and tenacious. It begins to resemble egg-white - clear, profuse, and slippery.

Cervical Mucus at Ovulation

The mucus becomes so tenacious that it can be stretched in threads up to 10-15cm long at the time of ovulation. This quality of the mucus is called 'spinnbarkeit' and is used for the thread test to diagnose ovulation.

The amount of cervical mucus may be so profuse as to be termed the 'vaginal cascade'. This watery cervical mucous helps the sperm to swim into the uterus to fertilize the ovum.

During this time, if the cervical mucus is collected on a clean glass slide and is allowed to dry, it will form a characteristic pattern that resembles the fronds of a fern. This can be observed under a microscope and is known as 'ferning'or the 'fern test'. It is another important diagnostic criteria of ovulation. Ferning can be seen from the 6th to the 22nd day of the cycle.

Fern Test at Ovulation

The amount and character of the cervical mucous is an important diagnostic criteria for ovulation in cases of infertility.